Radio National's The Sports Factor

with Amanda Smith
27/07/01

What's Wrong With English Cricket?


Summary:

 With the odds on England losing their seventh consecutive Ashes series, what's wrong with English cricket?. MIKE MARQUSEE, author of "Anyone But England - Cricket and the National Malaise", says the decline of the English game mirrors the country's political and social disorientation.

Plus, a visit to one of the best sports libraries in the world. Tucked away inside the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the Melbourne Cricket Club Library, established in 1873, is an Aladdin's Cave for sports writers and historians. We'll meet some of the diverse range of researchers delving into the treasures there.

Details or Transcript:

PIANO ROLL ‘After The Ball Is Over’



Amanda Smith: On The Sports Factor this week, with the odds on England losing their seventh consecutive Ashes series, is the poor performance of the England cricket team rooted in the trauma of Imperial decline and national disorientation?



Also coming up, we’ll visit one of the best sports libraries in the world. Tucked away inside the Pavilion of the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the Melbourne Cricket Club Library was established in 1873. It’s a place of old-world charm, and a treasure trove for sports lovers.



Gideon Haigh: Well when I come to the Library at the Melbourne Cricket Club I don’t so much feel as though I’m stepping back in time as stepping out of time.



Alf Batchelder: I first found it when I was about 19, and came into the Pavilion during the Test Series of ‘60/’61, and there was a little room upstairs with all of these magnificent books; I was just blown away. So there’s been really a 40-year love affair with this place.



Eric Panther: The material, especially in my field, the cricket card field, they pointed to a box, an old cardboard box on the floor and here was a goldmine. So Aladdin’s Cave as far as I was concerned.



June Senyard: Well there’s a sort of a secret door in the panelling in the passage that you can come in, and that’s how I came in. And it was just like walking into this cave of treasure.



Amanda Smith: And we’ll delve further into the treasures of the Melbourne Cricket Club Library later in the program.



Before that, though, to what’s wrong with English cricket? In the current Ashes series, so far England has capitulated to Australia without firing a shot in anger, and the bookmakers have Australia at 30 to 1 on to win the series. Mike Marqusee is the author of a book called ‘Anyone But England: Cricket and the National Malaise’, and he says that where cricket once epitomised an English identity that consisted of dominating others, politically and economically, it now encapsulates the struggle to come to terms with the loss of that domination. Mike Marqusee is an American-born writer and journalist who’s lived for the past 30 years in the United Kingdom, a cricket lover, but one who views the game and his adopted country through the eyes of a familiar outsider who questions the system.



Mike Marqusee: In very general terms, what’s wrong with English cricket is a double crisis at both the base of the game and at the pinnacle of the game. And at both levels this crisis has been engendered by 200 years of a very peculiar historical development in English cricket. As a result of a takeover of the game by the elite through their public schools, which of course in England are private, elite and exclusive schools, they were able to shape a particular culture of English cricket, which was intimately associated with Imperial rule, with a public school ethic, which was quite at variance with the popular and participatory spirit in which cricket was played in many other countries.



So as a result of all this, we have two basic problems now: the first is that the social base of cricket in England is far too narrow. Your average State school here has no cricket facilities and now access to anybody else’s cricket facilities. So cricket in the inner cities, which is where it counts, among working-class children, virtually does not exist in this country any more. It has been marginalised to the elite schools and to the suburbs. So that’s the first problem that English cricket draws on too small a pool of participants.



The second problem is at the top of the game where a system that is extraordinarily unaccountable has bred generation after generation of, I would say, incompetents, matched only by the degree of arrogance, first with the MCC and now with the ECB, the England and Wales Cricket Board, who continue to believe that it’s enough just to stitch up big-time sponsorship deals with multinational corporations and simply ignore the development of the game at the base.



So together, these two things, the narrow social base and the incompetence at the top of the game, have bred a thoroughly mediocre national side that is unable to give the Australians a serious game this summer, as we’ve seen.



Amanda Smith: And does that mediocrity in English cricket in any way reflect I guess a crisis of confidence about what being English is nowadays, and what English nationalism is.



Mike Marqusee: Well of course since the decline of the British Empire, the English has famously sought for a role in the world, but of course we’ve also had in this country very intense debates about who does and does not belong here, who is and is not British or English. We now live in a multicultural, multiracial society, and the only real future for all of English sport is to embrace the diversity of the society we live in. Cricket in particular has failed to do that, in fact it’s struggled, English cricket, almost quite neurotically with the fact that the nature of the English demography has changed, and so despite the fact that in this country, in Britain at the moment, the most enthusiastic followers of cricket among the whole population are the young British Asians, in some cases the second or third generation of British Asians, the English cricket establishment, including it should be said, the England cricket Captain, Nasser Hussain seem to have spent a great deal of time this summer doing their best to put these people off the game, to drive them away from the game, both as spectators and players.



Amanda Smith: And yet the England cricket team does to some extent at least, reflect the diversity of the population in the UK in players like Nasser Hussain and Mark Ramprakash, Mark Butcher, for example, so the team itself is hardly an expression of old Imperial England.



Mike Marqusee: Up to a point that’s true, and that’s been very welcome. And in that respect of course it must be said that the England team are probably ahead of the entirely Anglo Australian team. That may be another subject, but there are real limitations to it. Nasser Hussain and Mark Ramprakash both went to elite schools. They were both part of the cricket establishment from the time they were 10, 11, 12 years old. They do not represent the working class street cricketers of Asian descent whom one finds in places like Oldham and Berry and Burnley and Dewsbury and Bradford, across the north. And there is yet to be much evidence that the ECB is willing to make the effort, the outreach effort, to get the street cricketers who after all are the most hungry and enthusiastic cricketers in the country, to get them onto the ladder and into the system. In fact they’re sending out a lot of signals to indicate they’re really not that interested in those street cricketers; there is still the most appalling inequality in the distribution of and access to cricket facilities, and cricket probably more than any other game, certainly much more than football, requires a certain standard of facility if you’re to improve to a level where you can compete seriously, certainly seriously at an international level.



Amanda Smith: Now I understand that the television promo for this Ashes series that’s showing in the UK includes a shot of a couple of blokes, Australians, sitting on a porch out Woop-Woop somewhere, watching the cricket on TV and one says to the other something like, ‘Who’d have thought the Poms invented this game?’ Have you seen that?



Mike Marqusee: (laughs) Yes. It’s been interesting to see how the authorities have tried to promote this Ashes series, given that it was widely accepted that England had not much of a chance and after two matches it seems they have almost no chance at all. But they still have to get bodies through the turnstiles into the grounds, and they still want to get the millions watching it on television. And they’ve done this by turning England’s failures at cricket and historic decline in cricket, into something of a joke. Now I welcome this spirit of self-mockery, and I think in this regard the English fans have shown themselves to be much more mature, much more worldly, much more realistic about the diversity and complexity of the world in which England now finds it, than much of the media. The media have been wringing their hands in utter despair about England’s inability even to give the Australians much of a match, no less defeat them.



Amanda Smith: Is a resurgence of English cricket possible, desirable, even though England itself, or Britain, is unlikely to become more important in international affairs than it is now, and never again as much as it once was. Does that mean English cricket is locked into a downward spiral?



Mike Marqusee: I hope it’s not locked in to a downward spiral, because I live here and because I really love cricket, and because I want to see cricket of high quality and great adventurousness, and entertainment, played in this country at all levels. But in the end it will never be like it was before, where England effortlessly bestrode the cricket world like a colossus because of its historical priorities and prerogatives. That will never happen again and it should never happen again, we live in a much more diverse world with many more nation-States and many more cultures playing cricket, and a great thing it is too. And the important thing for England is simply to learn to be an equal among equals and stop worrying about lost former glories.



PIANO ROLL – ‘After The Ball Is Over’



Amanda Smith: English cricket, after the ball. And I was speaking there with Mike Marqusee, American-born writer and journalist, and long-time UK resident, and the author of ‘Anyone but England: Cricket and the National Malaise.’



Now the Melbourne Cricket Ground has been the site of many a sporting spectacle and drama over the years: cricket tests, football grand finals, the Olympic Games of 1956. But there’s a little corner of the MCG that’s devoted to more cerebral pursuits, albeit still to do with sport. This is the Melbourne Cricket Club Library, where on a daily basis all sorts of interesting people are engaged in all sorts of interesting research projects, delving into our sporting past. And it’s one of the best libraries of its kind in the world.



PHONE RINGS



David Studham: Melbourne Cricket Club Library; this is David speaking.



Amanda Smith: That’s David Studham. He’s the librarian here at the Melbourne Cricket Club. David’s a mine of information, and a man who loves his job.



David Studham: Rarely does a day go by when there is not an item that comes into the collection that’s of interest. A person drops in that has an interesting request, or is an interesting user of the library. It could be a famous sportsman or woman, it could be a rare book or it could be a really curly question, one of those little challenges that make the job worthwhile.



Amanda Smith: So then how significant is the collection here?



David Studham: As a historical and biographical collection it is very significant. Outside of some of the State libraries and the National Library, it’s probably one of the best collections that is accessible to the public, and it’s in private hands, in the sense that it’s the Club’s, but at a Crown Land venue it is accessible to the public, but it’s not as though it’s a private collection locked up, not used and not available.



Amanda Smith: Well David, we’re sitting here in the library; can I get you to describe the library to me, what it looks like and feels like and smells like.



David Studham: It’s two rooms, the main part of the library. Wood panelling, lined with bookcases, wooden bookcases, floor to ceiling on one side. There’s some lovely old rare bookcases, there’s a very large table in the main part of the library which we’re told recently by Dr Don Cordner the former President of the Melbourne Cricket Club and the 1946 Brownlow Medallist, that that was actually in the Melbourne change rooms and was their rub-down table for many years, and he pointed out the cigarette burns on the edge of the table, which do make sense; we wondered about a few of those sort of marks and nooks and crannies there on the side of the table.



Amanda Smith: It’s a kind of old-fashioned feel isn’t it, here?



David Studham: It is a bit old-worldly. I mean there’s some nice leather couches, leather armchairs that we have here. It is an old-worldly feel. It’s a homely sort of feel as well, it’s not sort of state-of-the-art library. That’s the look. I mean it is to an extent, but the look mightn’t portray that.



Amanda Smith: Before you get inside the library you pass through the Gallery of Sport and into the Pavilion of the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The cricket writer and journalist, Gideon Haigh, who’s a regular user of the library for his research, just arriving is a pleasure in itself.



Gideon Haigh: Well there’s a wonderful collection of artworks, photographs and bats as you come in through the Pavilion, and even though it’s an old-fashioned Pavilion, it was built in 1928, it still feels very much alive to me. Perhaps it’s because I’m interested in historical research; when I walk up the stairs I walk past this wonderful set of prints from Chevallier Taylor's 'Cricketers of the Empire' and I sort of say ‘G’day’ to Captain Wynyard, and I say ‘G’day’ to Lord Hawke and to Wilfred Rhodes and there’s a picture of Ernie Jones up there, and then there’s a picture of the finish of the tied Test, and these are very familiar landmarks to me, and it’s almost as though I’m feeling sort of enveloped by history but living history at the same time as I arrive.



FOOTSTEPS/PAGES TURNING



David Studham: There you are.



Gideon Haigh: I’m also going to get some Wisden’s down from the ‘20s and ‘30s.



David Studham: What year specifically are you after?



Gideon Haigh: Twenty-seven to thirty-seven I think.



David Studham: OK. Twenty-nine’s locked away with a bit of repair at the moment.



Gideon Haigh: I look at ten years of Wisdens in order to get one sentence.



Gideon Haigh: I’m writing a book about the Australian Test Captain, Warwick Armstrong, and I’m checking on some county scores from the 1920s in which a former team-mate of his was involved.



Amanda Smith: So have you found anything here, research-wise, that was unexpected for you, or that changed the course of your writing or research?



Gideon Haigh: There’s a range of ways in which my research has been reflected by the things under this roof. Sometimes it’s been a case of things that they haven’t even known that they’ve had themselves. For instance, about a year ago I came in here thinking I’d really like to know something quite detailed, biographical information about Bob Crockett, the former Test Umpire, and we sort of scratched our heads and there really didn’t seem to be all that much. And Pat Mullins, who donated his collection to the Melbourne Cricket Club some years ago, he was an assiduous scrapbook keeper. Basically any cricket article that he saw he would cut out and paste into a series of scrapbooks. Now they’ve sort of lain upstairs, mostly unlooked-at, so I thought 'Well I’ll just start looking in these scrapbooks, you never know what might crop up. And Bingo! half an hour, three-quarters of an hour looking, and there was this fantastic feature, a series of autobiographical feature articles on Bob Crockett from the 1920s from The Sporting Globe. And they were a tremendous resource in the writing of the book that I’ve just been doing because he was both a contemporary and a workmate of Warwick Armstrong’s.



Amanda Smith: Writer and journalist, and Library regular, Gideon Haigh.



Another regular is Alf Batchelder, a retired history teacher and cricket buff who’s engaged in a great labour of love: writing the history of the Melbourne Cricket Club.



Alf Batchelder: It’s a six-year task, and I’m writing a volume which at the moment is 340 pages in length and I’m only up to about 1910.



Amanda Smith: How many volumes is this going to be?



Alf Batchelder: One rather large volume. (laughs) But the problem with the history of this institution and the ground is that there is so much that has happened here. You really can’t do it briefly, it’s got to be a big book; you’re dealing with a ground that’s almost 150 years old and a club that’s even older, and the Club has done an enormous amount, not just in cricket but in other sports, and then on the ground itself there’s been a whole host of things here, from not just cricket and football, but through cavalry exercises, we’ve had tennis, soccer as early as 1885. Today I came across the Boy Scouts having firelighting and billy boiling here. And there’s just so many things therefore that you can’t do a brief history of the Melbourne Cricket Ground.



Amanda Smith: And the Library here is obviously the perfect place to do it?



Alf Batchelder: Yes, because we’ve got so many books to start with in here, but then upstairs we’ve got records going back to well into the 19th century. I once asked did we have some details on a fund-raising fair that was held on the ground in the First World War, and the lady in the front office just looked me and said, ‘Alf, this is the Melbourne Cricket Club; we never throw anything out.’



Amanda Smith: But it’s not just stuff about cricket that’s in this Library. There’s all sorts of information about all sorts of sports.



David Studham: I found that in of all places in a rare bookshop in Ottawa.



Woman: Oh, isn’t this amazing?



David Studham: Last year, and I thought Well it’s on bowls, it probably won’t have any interest, but I had a quick flick through.



Woman: I tell you what, this would be a Who’s Who of Bowls in the ‘20s.



David Studham: And they’re between the early 1920s. So I thought, Well, got to have that.



June Senyard: I’m June Senyard and I lecture in sports history at the University of Melbourne.



Amanda Smith: And what in particular, what’s your particular research or project that you’re doing at the moment?



June Senyard: It’s lawn bowls. It’s very difficult to just get a minor sport like lawn bowls and expect to find material about it, and here at the MCG Library there’s a very rare book dated from 1927 when they actually did a program for an interstate match, and then gave a history of bowls at the same time, and it’s really the main source on lawn bowls.



Amanda Smith: Well give me your thoughts and impressions and feelings about this library and coming in here, June.



June Senyard: Well I do think it is like Aladdin’s Cave, you walk in and there’s shelves and shelves of books, but then there are the glass cabinets with the 19th and early 20th century books in them, and they are just wonderful, because when you think of it, that organised sport began in Australia in the late 19th century, and that we have got as good a resources about that as anywhere, and also there’s magazines about sport that because people throw them out, it’s often hard to get that side of sport. So it’s just not sort of the hardback that’s here.



Ray Webster: My name’s Ray Webster, I’m a cricket historian.



Amanda Smith: So now tell me about the major project you’re working on at the moment, Ray.



Ray Webster: The project I’m involved with three other sports historians is a biographical dictionary of Australian first class cricketers, and that means that to cover everybody who’s been involved in cricket in Australia from inter-colonial times to interstate.



Amanda Smith: And how many players is that?



Ray Webster: Well as at the end of the previous Australian cricket season, it’s 3,130 individuals.



Amanda Smith: So this is an enormous job?



Ray Webster: Yes, it is enormous, in fact someone I told recently about it wanted to know what drugs I was on!



Amanda Smith: And why are you doing this work here in the Melbourne Cricket Club Library?



Ray Webster: Oh the Melbourne Cricket Club Library is, I would think, a unique institution in Australia in respect of the amount of material that’s here, the variety of material, not just book material, but peer articles, newspapers, and you could probably call it a one-stop shop.



Amanda Smith: Now this Biographical Dictionary of Australian First Class Cricketers that you’re working on at the moment is obviously going to take you a while yet, but have you got your eye towards your next research project?



Ray Webster: (laughs) I think I’ll get this one out of the way first, because it could be several years involved with this as yet. It’s a four-volume work and we’ll be doing it alphabetically, and the first volume we’re looking to try and reach some sort of finality with in about 12 months time, but after that, how long is a piece of string?



Amanda Smith: One of the other researchers working with Ray Webster at the Melbourne Cricket Club Library on this massive four-volume dictionary, is Ken Williams. And Ken has a pretty clear sense of why he got involved with the project.



Ken Williams: Insanity basically. I guess really it goes back to when I was a kid, going right back to when I was about a ten-year-old. I just had a fascination for cricket, the history of cricket, probably picked up from listening to Test broadcasts and a fascination to find out more about these names in scoresheets, to find out something about the people behind the names. And of course that is something I’ve done over time, and still finding out things about people even today, you find out things about people. It’s an ongoing thing, there’s never a day goes past that you don’t learn something about these people that’s interesting.



Amanda Smith: Can you remember the very first time you came into this Library, and what your thoughts and impressions were of it?



Ken Williams: Yes, I can. It would have been about 20 years ago when the Library was probably about half its current size, and even though it was only half its current size, it was certainly very impressive. It had a terrific atmosphere. I must admit I was sort of impressed by the plush carpet with the Club logo on the floor, and the beautiful wooden bookshelves and just the wonderful array of material that was here.



Amanda Smith: Well right now you’re working out of an enormous book, making some notes from it. What’s the book and what are you doing?



Ken Williams: Well it’s actually not a book, but bound copies of The Leader newspaper, which was a weekly newspaper that used to come out. The Leader was brought out by The Argus, and I’m going through the cricket column trying to find some information about players that played back in the 1880s. At the moment, the volume I’m looking at is for the second half of 1887, and I’m transcribing descriptions of players, first-class cricketers, back from that period, which will be useful source material when we come to write the biographies.



Amanda Smith: Well like Ken Williams and Ray Webster, Tom Wanliss is another retired chappie who spends a lot of his time doing voluntary work at the Library. Tom says life after retirement is much more interesting than when he was working.



Tom Wanliss: Oh it’s just go, go, go as far as I’m concerned. I’m occupied, usually about four or five days a week, but it’s great fun, and I’m doing what I really want to do, and not doing what somebody else wants me to do.



Amanda Smith: And what research or work are you doing at the moment, Tom?



Tom Wanliss: Over the years, particularly during the football season, I’ve been writing speeches for the committee-men here; they have a luncheon every, more-or-less every Melbourne home game, and I write speeches for them to make at the meeting, covering the history of the two clubs involved, and perhaps some of the personalities who may be at the luncheon.



Amanda Smith: And do you use this Library to research for those speeches?



Tom Wanliss: Oh yes, yes. We’ve got quite a big collection of football books; a few years ago there were practically no books on football, but now there’s quite a large amount about, and a lot of statistical information, and I use that as the means of the research. Plus my own memories of games, because I go back a long way. I saw my first football Grand Final in 1936 when I also saw my first Test Match. I saw Collingwood win the 1936 premiership and three months later, I saw the Third and Fifth Tests, and I was aged 10.



Eric Panther: I’m Eric Panther; I’m the longest surviving member of the volunteer group. I’m the President of the Australian Cartophilic Society which literally means cigarette card collectors, or card lovers. So cigarette trade and postcards is my field, and we have quite an outstanding collection here, in world class, and with so many thousands of cards, and we’re not in the process of cataloguing them in museum-style, rather than the way I used to do them, just tick them off a page.



Amanda Smith: And is this cricketers only, or a range of sports?



Eric Panther: A range of sports, but primarily cricket. A huge number were donated back in the ‘80s and we got a lot of Australian and English cards, but we’ve got such rare items that it’s sort of quite eye opening to be able to see them, and I’ve seen many, well perhaps millions of cards in my time, but some of the cards we’ve got in here are just stunning.



Amanda Smith: And why the fascination with cigarette cards, sportsmen on cigarette cards, Eric?



Eric Panther: Well firstly it’s difficult to explain to a person who’s not a collector what makes a collector tick, nobody’s ever worked it out. I think it’s some sort of mental disease that we’ll never overcome. But one of the interesting things that I’ve noticed on cards now is just about every book, every article, every publication is illustrated now by cigarette cards. And one series we’ve got here, we’ve got a large number of a very interesting and quite valuable series called Taddy’s County Cricketers, and I’ve been told by people who should know that many of the images that appear on those cards are the only images of actual cricketers, so cigarette and trade cards are now being used extensively to illustrate articles, books etc. Almost every back cover is illustrated with cigarette cards.



Amanda Smith: When did cigarette cards of cricketers and other sportsmen stop being produced?



Eric Panther: Well the actual cigarette card finished just before the War.



Amanda Smith: Which War?



Eric Panther: The Second World War, in the late ‘30s. Obviously paper and cardboard was supposed to be used for other things, and they didn’t ever start again after the war in Australia. They were used as an advertising tool, needless to say, and directed at the kids, so political correctness wouldn’t enable them to be done now. But the trade card, and a trade card is a card issued by a lolly firm, boot polish, ummm …



Amanda Smith: Bubble gum?



Eric Panther: Bubble gum. They’re still being produced. So it be ongoing.



Amanda Smith: Well when and why did you start, or how did your interest begin?



Eric Panther: Oh they’re an intriguing little thing, they’re only small, they’re almost like the kids’ encyclopaedia when we were kids. I can answer many, many trivia questions in trivia nights, purely because I’ve read the info on cigarette cards, cricket and football have always intrigued me, that’s why I spend my time in here. And they are really intriguing, and everybody loves them. I do, anyhow.



Amanda Smith: One of David Studham’s jobs, as the librarian at the Melbourne Cricket Club, is to be able to provide answers to research enquiries, and often curly questions that come from sports writers, as well as from the general public.



David Studham: Well we get a wide range as you can imagine, Amanda. Sometimes you have to debunk a few family myths unfortunately, that’s part of the job. It’s not a nice thing to have to do, but invariably you’ll have people come in and say, ‘My father played football for Victoria’ and it turns out that it was Victorian Railways. One of my favourite curly questions was from a tennis journalist, Bud Collins, that I assisted with a bit of research for his Encyclopaedia for Lawn Tennis. Now he’d heard that there was an Australian tennis player, Bert St John that only had one arm; he’d read somewhere and wanted more information. Now when I wracked my brain and thought 'Where am I going to find this?' I went through some early tennis books and magazines, and couldn’t find anything, and then lo and behold I just stumbled across a photograph in Austral’s Lawn Tennis in Australasia for 1912, and there was a photograph of him, playing a backhand, and it was very apparent that he did not have a hand on his right arm. He just had sort of the stump just below the elbow. So yes indeed, he was a one-handed player.



Amanda Smith: David Studham, the librarian at the Melbourne Cricket Club Library, and custodian of one of the best collections of historical material on sport in the world.



And that’s The Sports Factor, produced by Michael Shirrefs; I’m Amanda Smith.

Guests on this program:

Mike Marqusee
American-born writer and journalist, long-time UK resident and author of 'Anyone But England: Cricket And The National Malaise'.

David Studham
Librarian at the MCC Library at the MCG in Melbourne.

Gideon Haigh
Cricket historian, journalist and author of 'ystery Spinner'.

Alf Batchelder
Retired History Teacher and cricket buff.

June Senyard
Lecturer in Sports History at the University of Melbourne.

Ray Webster
Researcher at the MCC Library at the MCG in Melbourne.

Ken Williams
Researcher at the MCC Library at the MCG in Melbourne.

Tom Wanliss
Researcher at the MCC Library at the MCG in Melbourne.

Eric Panther
Researcher at the MCC Library at the MCG in Melbourne and President of the Australian Cartophilic Society.

Publications:

Anyone But Cricket: Cricket And The National Malaise
Author: Mike Marqusee
Publisher: Verso, London, 1998
ISBN 0-86091-492-5

Musical Items:

Song Lover's Medley No.2/After The Ball
Time to Air: 0830
Duration: 1'19"
CD Title: Mastertouch: Let The Pianola Play
Artist: Edith Murn
Composer: Charles K Harris
Label/CD No: Larrikin CD-LRH-289
Copyright: Larrikin Entertainment, 1993

Presenter:
Amanda Smith

Producer:
Michael Shirrefs

© 2002 ABC