This is an archive copy of a document originally located at
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/sportsf/stories/s444345.htm
With Amanda Smith
11/1/2002
Dawn Fraser
Summary:
'The one that came the longest way!
A gold medallist across three Olympic Games, and named World Female Swimmer of
the Century in 1999, Dawn was the youngest of eight children of a working class
family. Tough and streetwise, she was an SP bookie's runner at 9 years old, and
received her first ban from swimming when she was just 12 years old. Thus began
her tempestuous relationship with swimming's officaldom.
With the publication of her long-awaited autobiography, Dawn Fraser discusses
what swimming, winning, and being banned three times from competition has meant
to her.
Details or Transcript:
THEME
Amanda Smith: On The Sports Factor this week, ‘The one that came the longest
way’, Dawn Fraser.
That's how Dawn was described at the World Sports Awards presentation in Vienna
in 1999 when she was named ‘Female Swimmer of the Century’.
Dawn Fraser is also the most significant living Australian sportsperson. And so,
this week, with the publication of her long-awaited autobiography, I’m speaking
with her about her love of swimming and her loathing of swimming officials.
Now, as well as four Gold and four Silver Olympic Medals, and being the first
swimmer to win the same event at three successive Olympic Games, Dawn Fraser was
also the first woman to break the one-minute barrier in the 100-metres
freestyle, a feat that had previously been thought impossible. But at the age of
20, Dawn thought otherwise.
Dawn Fraser (1958): My ambition to be, before I finish swimming, is to break
the minute and my first lap now is getting faster each swim I have and all I
have to do is keep on working at it, and I think that I’ll be able to do it in
about the next two years.
1962 COMMONWEALTH & EMPIRE GAMES WOMEN'S 100m FREESTYLE SWIM
STARTING GUN
Commentator: And up goes Dawn Fraser in the lead, in lane 4. She’s leading …
Dawn Fraser: Mine was a complete love affair. It’s a beautiful thing, diving
into the cool crisp water and then just sort of being able to pull your body
through the water and the water opening up for you. And to have that feel and
touch on your fingertips and your body, is just beautiful.
Commentator: Twenty-seven point nine.
Commentator: Twenty-seven point nine and she could be under a minute; Dawn
Fraser …
Dawn Fraser: But I also enjoyed and loved the thought of competing.
Commentator: But look at Fraser, she’s got four strokes to swim, and she goes
one, two, and touches now. Fraser the winner …
Commentator: And she’s done it, she’s done it fifty-nine point five.
Amanda Smith: Dawn Fraser was born in 1937, in a house in the inner-Sydney
suburban of Balmain, the house that she still lives in. She was the youngest of
eight children in a working class family. But in an era when sport, and
developing big strong sporty muscles wasn’t a very feminine thing to do, it was
her family, particularly the men in her family, who encouraged Dawn to defy the
feminine stereotype of the day.
Dawn Fraser: Being the youngest in the family, and you know, sort of was lucky
to get named; the reason I was named Dawn was because I was born at dawn, and I
guess I just did everything for Dad. I’d go down and meet him at the ferries and
take his suitcase home. I can remember Dad teaching me, making a little hammer,
and everything I was trying to do Dad would help, and I’m very good with my
hands, and I think I just virtually grew up with my two brothers that were
closer to me, and I wasn’t regarded as a little girl.
Amanda Smith: Well in fact you’re two closest brothers also encouraged you into
male-type activities; didn’t they get you to play in the Grand Final of your
Primary School football competition at the age of six?
Dawn Fraser: Yes they did actually, and that’s the story I tell at the literary
lunches, is the fact that I used to have very long hair and my Dad used to love
it, and I had a plait that I could sit on, and then to play in the football my
brothers cut it off, which was quite horrific for Dad. They took about a
fortnight to be able to sit down and eat their dinner at the dinner-table.
Amanda Smith: For getting thrashed for it?
Dawn Fraser: Yes.
Amanda Smith: How did you go in the football match?
Dawn Fraser: We won. (laughs)
Amanda Smith: How did you feel about having muscles, a strong muscular body,
when you were a teenager and young woman?
Dawn Fraser: Well I didn’t have a lot of muscles when I was a teenager, they
came very late in my teens, because we used to do a lot of callisthenics, and
flexible exercises. But I did have a very strong, fit body and to me that was
very good, because it relieved me of having asthma. The only thing that worried
me was the fact that when I went to buy a frock that the frock wouldn’t fit
around my shoulders; I didn’t like wearing sleeveless frocks because I had big
muscles at the top. But you know, that didn’t deter me at all, I knew that the
stronger that I was, the faster I was going to swim, and that’s all I had in my
mind at the time, was I wanted to be the best swimmer in the world and didn’t
care, as long as I was fit, my body looked good. I was always renowned as having
a great pair of legs, and I was very proud of that.
Amanda Smith: And what led you to want to train with and measure yourself
against male swimmers, Dawn, particularly Jon Henricks who was being coached
also by your coach, Harry Gallagher?
Dawn Fraser: Well Jon and I were training partners, and we were doing the same
event, 100-metres freestyle, and it was compatible for us to train together, and
I always was taught to believe that male swimmers were faster than female
swimmers, but I wanted to know the reasons why, and I found out the reasons why,
because a) their muscular diaphragm and their body was a little bit stronger
than us in some parts, and that secondly their swimsuit was lighter than ours.
Our swimsuit weighed something like about 5lbs when it was wet.
Amanda Smith: Five ounces?
Dawn Fraser: No, 5lbs.
Amanda Smith: Oh, right.
Dawn Fraser: We’re talking about not Lycra swimsuits, we’re talking about wool
swimsuits in my day. And theirs were sort of bikinis and they stuck to their
bodies; our didn’t. We had breasts that we had to try and sort of stop the water
from getting down, but once you dived in the water your bathers would fill up
with water so you were carrying an extra 5lb of weight. And that sort of slowed
a woman down. And I decided then, that when I thought about it, that a female
freestyle swimmer could swim as fast as a male butterfly swimmer, because when I
compared times that that’s what world records were like. So I always had in my
mind that if a world record in the men’s butterfly was 60 seconds, I was going
to make sure I could swim that fast, and that’s how I kept all my world records
down.
Amanda Smith: Did you ever beat Jon Henricks at freestyle?
Dawn Fraser: (laughs) Oh, Ricks and I have a laugh about it, in fact I said he
used to give me 2-seconds start and could never catch me, but he then had the
right of voice and said he used to give me 5-seconds start and couldn’t catch
me. No, I never ever did beat Jonno off a scratch event, but Harry used to make
sure that Jon always gave me a start and I’d get the best out of myself by
trying to stay in front.
Amanda Smith: And that for you was better than training with women and measuring
yourself against women?
Dawn Fraser: I was competing against women, there was no point in training with
them, and that was my attitude, and that’s what helped me. But every time I swum
in the event I felt that Jon Henricks was chasing me, so I didn’t even worry
about my other competitors. There was only one competitor that I really worried
about in the beginning and that was Lorraine Crapp. She was a great competitor
and also Faith Leech, because she was a younger competitor. But that was the way
my thinking was given to me, and the way I thought my races through, and that
kept me winning races and I thought I’m not going to change this.
Amanda Smith: Where did you learn gamesmanship?
Dawn Fraser: I think that sort of came with growing up and watching people. I’m
a great watcher of people, and watching older people, trying to learn from their
experiences and talking to older people, I used to have long conversations with
Johnny Weismuller whom I met, Jon Henricks was a great gamesman, and we used to
get up to some terrible things, you know like playing games against one another,
and I guess probably from Jon Henricks more likely than anyone.
Amanda Smith: Well this gamesmanship, this sort of thing of psyching out your
competitors, is it something that you approve of?
Dawn Fraser: Oh it’s done on all sporting arenas, it’s done by everyone, and if
you’re good at it you can win. It’s done by our cricketers, I mean they call it
a slanging match and sledging, that’s gamesmanship. The media like to beef it
up, but it goes on, it goes on in every sporting arena. I mean if you were
watching anything on television, say for instance you were watching a
weightlifting championship, you’d see the way they psych themselves up, but you
don’t see what they do behind the scenes, you don’t see what they do in their
warm-up area, and they can be watching other people, and other people are
watching them to see what they’re going to do. And you can do all sorts of
things to really psych them out. They’ll come outside and they’ll psych
themselves up and they’ll say, oh, they’ve pulled a muscle or something, and go
in, get a bit of a rub, do a warm-up and come out and break a world record. And
that’s gamesmanship. But that suits those people, and mine was gamesmanship too,
and it suited me. I used to do some terrible things in the marshalling area to
upset my rivals.
Amanda Smith: Like?
Dawn Fraser: Oh, running around and jumping up and down and laughing and telling
jokes, or screaming out at the masseur that she’s pulled a muscle in my leg, and
then sort of just disturbing them, whereas I wasn’t disturbing myself, I was
disturbing their meditation and their time to think. But you see, I was a
logical thinker, I thought and planned my race out a week before, and no-one
could upset me.
MUSIC
TV Presenter: Watch the competitor closest to the camera; notice anything
familiar about the style, the easy, almost lazy strokes in comparison to the
other two? Yes, it’s Dawn Fraser. Eighteen months ago Dawn was the first woman
in the world to break the Magic Minute for the 110-yards freestyle, a feat for
which she is quick to give due credit to her coach, Harry Gallagher.
Dawn Fraser (1964): Yes, Harry and I have had a terrific relationship as far
as pupil and coach is concerned, and we’ve had our disagreements and we’ve had
our agreements, but it’s always worked out for the better, and Harry has helped
me along quite considerably and he’s got me to the top, and probably this is why
I get into so much trouble, because I stick by him. He’s the man who’s got me
here, and he tells me what to do, and I take notice of that because if I didn’t,
I don’t think I’d be a world champion today.
MUSIC
Amanda Smith: Tell me about your relationship with your coach, Harry Gallagher;
you were actually pretty suspicious of him at first weren’t you?
Dawn Fraser: Yes, I was, because as I said, coming from an industrial area in
Balmain, we had our baths and all of a sudden this suave man came down and took
over our baths, and put lanes down and had all these kids swimming up and down,
and took all of our swimming area. And what right did he have to come? When we
found out he came from across the river, in Drummoyne, the suburb called
Drummoyne in Sydney, you know, we sort of were a bit annoyed about it. We told
him to get back to ‘Crummy Drummy’ as we used to call it. And he saw us being
coached one day down there with my coach, Chuck Miranda …
Amanda Smith: Who was your cousin?
Dawn Fraser: He was my cousin, yes. And Harry said to me, ‘Who was that kid
over there?’ and he said, ‘Dawn Fraser’. He took some notice of me,
he believed that he could make me into a swimmer, and he kept pursuing me, and I
didn’t trust him in the beginning, because I guess he was suave, he had a car
and where did he get it from? And I had all these questions that hadn’t been
answered, and I wanted to have them answered.
Amanda Smith: So how did he win you over?
Dawn Fraser: I guess he put the idea of swimming, travel, and going interstate,
competition, in my head, and I guess one particular day I was riding my pushbike
and I went over to Drummoyne just to see what the baths were like, and I saw
this lady in the bottom of the swimming pool, scrubbing it out, and I ventured
down into the pool and sang out Could I come in? And I said 'What are you
doing?' And this lady turned around and she said, ‘Oh I’m scrubbing the
pool to get it ready to paint it and put some water in it.’ And I said, ‘Can
I help?’ and the next minute Mr Gallagher came in and said what was I doing
there, and I said, ‘I saw this lady …’ He said, ‘That lady happens to
be my mother!’, and he said, ‘Well would you like to come over and train
and have a look and see how we train?’ And I started doing all that, he
pursued me, he pursued my Mum and Dad and talked them over, and then I said 'Yes
I’d like to try it out'. Which was great fun.
Amanda Smith: Well it’s obvious that you’ve always drawn a great motivational
strength from being told that you couldn’t do something, Dawn. You were actually
banned from swimming three times, most sensationally after the 1964 Tokyo
Olympic Games, but you were banned for the first time at just 12 years of age.
Dawn Fraser: Yes, I was.
Amanda Smith: Tell me about why and the consequences of that.
Dawn Fraser: Well we used to belong to a football club, the whole family, and
every Christmas they used to have a Christmas party and a picnic at a place
called Hollywood Picnic Grounds in North Ryde in Sydney. And there’d be 80, 90
or 100 kids go with their families to the Christmas Picnic. And each year we
used to get something from the football club and this particular year we got 2/-
each as a present. But we did compete in sack races, running races,
egg-and-spoon races, swimming races, whatever. And I was classed by the
Australian Swimming Union as a professional at 12 years of age, for taking 2/-,
and I said 'Look, it was only a Christmas gift', but the fact is because
the amateur status was so stringent in those days, they said 'No!', that
I had swum, I had received 2/-, I had to stand down for two years. A lady by the
name of Coral Mackintosh who belonged to a swimming club in Balmain with my
cousin Ray Miranda, took my case to the Swimming Union, and they said No, I was
going to be banned for two years. So I sort of gave up swimming and stuff like
that, I wasn’t allowed to swim in races, I wasn’t allowed to swim in a swimming
pool where kids were from that club, and that’s pretty horrific at 12 years of
age to learn that, and I guess that was my first big battle with officialdom,
and we tried to fight the case and it was about 14 months later that Coral
Mackintosh sought me out and said ‘I’ve got you reinstated’. And I had to
think twice whether I wanted to come back into this sport of swimming with all
these officials that had banned me for 12 months. (sic)
Amanda Smith: Well it was also one of those officials wasn’t it, who told you
something that had never occurred to you, which was that you’d never swim for
Australia.
Dawn Fraser: Yes, that was – I’m a very strong-minded person, and my father had
always taught me to do things rightly, which I thought I had done, but also
Father had set us challenges in the family that we had to do, and when I went
along with my cousin to this office with the man sitting behind the desk, and he
thumped his fist down on the desk saying, ‘You will never ever swim for
Australia!’, and at 12½ years of age, I got up and I said, ‘Oh yes I
will!’ I thank the ASU for putting those hurdles in front of me and making
me the strong-willed person I am, and for me pursuing my swimming career.
Amanda Smith: Now the 10-year ban you got after the Tokyo Games, not officially
for nicking that flag but for wearing an unofficial swimsuit in the heats of the
100-metres …
Dawn Fraser: Yes, which I did, and they knew about it, because my swimsuit, my
official swimsuit did not fit me properly.
Amanda Smith: You’d actually made your own swimsuit.
Dawn Fraser: Yes, I did. I used to make my own swimsuits, and I used to get the
right material and make sure that I always had a special swimsuit, because I
have got a long body and I always wanted to feel comfortable in my swimsuit. And
especially when you’ve got to bend over and you’ve got officials standing behind
you, there’s nothing worse than to fall out of your swimsuit, and I was doing
this. But also when I was diving in the water, I was going back to my early days
of swimming, of my swimsuit filling up with water, and here I was in ’64, we had
progressed so greatly with materials of swimsuits, we’d gone from the wool to
the silk to the nylon to the really nice material, and I’m still carrying an
extra 5lb of water.
Amanda Smith: So that was one reason, and the second reason was that you had
marched in the opening ceremony when anyone in the team who had an event within
48 hours of the ceremony was told not to march. Now even at the time, the
10-year ban was considered an over-reaction; what do you think now was the
sub-text to that ban?
Dawn Fraser: I think that they wanted to get Dawn Fraser out of swimming, and
nothing would ever change my mind. And I feel really sorry for the people of the
ASU because they are the ones that will get criticised when people read the book
and find the true story. I mean I did go and speak to my team manager and I
said, 'Look, I know I’m swimming 37 hours after the opening ceremony, please
let me march in the opening ceremony, it’s something that puts the adrenalin
into your body, it’s the cream on the cake.' And he said, ‘You are not
marching.’ And I said, 'But why? Why Mr Slade, can’t I march?' He
said, ‘Because it’ll hurt your legs’. And I thought that was the poorest
excuse and I said to him, ‘Look, if I’m not fit enough to march around the
arena in the opening ceremony of an Olympic Games with my Australian crest on my
chest, I shouldn’t be swimming. Because you’re saying to me I’m not fit enough.’
Now I had worked very, very hard after the car accident in which my mother was
killed, to get to that Olympic Games, there was nothing, nothing that was going
to stand in my way to winning a Gold Medal. I knew I had won the Gold Medal
before I’d even swum in it, because I knew I was determined, and I knew because
my times were faster than any other woman swimmer in the world, and I was going
into that race very egotistical, because they had to beat me and I knew that I
was going to win that race. And I just felt it was a shame. I even went to the
Chef de Mission and I said, ‘Look Mr Kernow, can I march in the opening
ceremony, because this was going to be the cream on the cake for me.’ And he
said, ‘Yes, have you got the uniform?’ I said ‘Yes I have, I’ve got
everything with the exception of the gloves.’ He said, ‘Can you get the
gloves?’ I said, ‘Yes, Mrs Hatton’s going to take me into Tokyo to get
the gloves.’ He said, ‘I think you’d better get three other pairs too’,
that was for the other swimmers. Which I did.
Amanda Smith: Who were also banned. Why, given that you were the best Dawn, why
did swimming officialdom want to get rid of you?
Dawn Fraser: I don’t know. I really can’t answer that question Amanda, it’s
something that’s eluded me. I’ve tried during the book, doing the research on
it, the ASU tried to get the report that was written so that we could get the
record straight, and they just said they hadn’t got it, the ASU even today said
they haven’t got it. Which I know is a lie because certain journalists have seen
the copy of it, but it has been scissored out, and they just wouldn’t let me see
it.
Amanda Smith: Do you acknowledge any responsibility on your part for being
penalised for anything? Were you at fault?
Dawn Fraser: I could have been at fault by standing up for my rights, and I
certainly would have stood up for my rights, which I do, and as I said, my
parents brought me up very well. You know, to achieve what you set your mind to,
make yourself an example, achieve it, but don’t hurt anyone on the way up. And I
don’t think I did that, I think I achieved, I set myself the example, I achieved
where I wanted to go to and I don’t think I hurt anyone on the way up.
Amanda Smith: Dawn Fraser, with us on The Sports Factor, here on Radio National.
Despite being banned from swimming three times during her career, (or as she
says, certainly in relation to the first ban when she was 12, because of it)
Dawn Fraser won Gold Medals in the 100-metres freestyle at the Olympic Games of
Melbourne, Rome, and Tokyo, in 1956, 1960 and 1964, the only woman who’s won in
this event across three Olympics.
BAND
Commentator (1956): They’re coming down with only about ten yards ago, and
it’s neck and neck, Fraser and Crapp, Fraser and Crapp, and it’s to the line and
it’ll be Fraser first, Crapp second …
Commentator (1960): … there’s no doubt about it, Fraser is going to steal
this race, she’s going to win very, very easily, a length’s lead and Fraser
comes in and wins easily from von Saltza …
Commentator (1964): … a World Record's a possibility, and here’s Dawn Fraser
racing through to take the lead, Sharon Stouder's trying to go with her and it’s
going to be a great race between … here’s Dawn Fraser, and Dawn Fraser will win;
Dawn Fraser first, Stouder second and Ellis third.
Amanda Smith: Well Dawn, being a tremendously successful swimmer brought you
into contact with all sorts of people and all sorts of situations, often ones
where you were made to feel uncomfortable, and one example that comes to mind is
in 1963 when you were invited onto the Royal Yacht, ‘Britannia’ to a lunch with
the Queen and Prince Phillip. And before going into lunch, Dame Pattie Menzies
had a little word in your ear.
Dawn Fraser: Yes, I was actually standing in the library of the Royal Yacht
‘Britannia’, and I was looking at the books and there was a little baby grand
piano there, and I was just having a look at the books that were in the library
and Dame Pattie Menzies came over to me and she said, ‘I hope that you won’t
embarrass us and you know which knife and fork to use, and don’t forget your
manners.’ And I took a step back, and I said, ‘I beg your pardon? But my
mother and father brought me up very well, and I know my Ps and Qs.’ And at
the time I didn’t care who she was, and she had no right to speak to me like
that. And with that, the Queen, Her Majesty came over and spoke to me, and with
that, I think she may have heard, or overheard what was being said to me, and
she said, ‘You know, it’s very easy to start from the outside and if you
don’t have the course you miss a set.’ And I said, ‘Thank you very much’,
and I spoke to Queen Elizabeth for about 20 minutes, talking about the books
that were in her library, asked her if she played the piano, and she sort of
conversed with me about her time during the war, and I had a lovely conversation
with her, and sat next to the Duke for lunch, and it was quite nice.
Amanda Smith: But you were made to feel by other Australians that you were from
the wrong side of the tracks.
Dawn Fraser: Not by a lot of Australians, only by a few. I don’t ever think that
Australia has let me down. I mean I’ve only got out of this country what I’ve
put into it, in fact I’d like to think I will put in more into my country than
what I want to get out of it; I’ve got as much as I possibly want, and I’m very
happy, I own my home …
Amanda Smith: The home that you were born and grew up in.
Dawn Fraser: … that I was born in. And I have a farm property, so you know,
financially I’m very happy, and I’ve worked hard all my life and I hope that
this book will give me a lovely retirement.
Amanda Smith: What struck me though in reading this book Dawn was that even
though your achievements in swimming were so great over three Olympic Games, and
that outside of swimming you worked hard at all sorts of jobs, that you really
weren’t able to reach anything even vaguely approaching financial stability
until you were pretty well into middle age. What’s your view on amateurism in
sport, as far as how it impacted on you?
Dawn Fraser: I thought amateurism in sport was very powerful. For instance, when
I used to do radio interviews, I’d have to write out an invoice; if I got £20 to
go and do an interview, I would have to invoice out to everything I did, like
buy a new pair of stockings, buy a new outfit, shoes, stockings and have make-up
and hairdressing, taxis to and from, and make it out to £20. You don’t have to
do that now, thank goodness. I mean we’ve lost all of that. And I think that
when the officials, and I say a small amount of officials in swimming, saw that
I was I suppose clever enough to do that.
Amanda Smith: If you were a young swimmer now, with the same talent, and same
potential, and from the same kind of background, do you think you’d have the
same opportunities and barriers as you had in the ‘40s, ‘50s, ‘60s?
Dawn Fraser: I would have the same opportunities. I don’t think I would have the
barriers. Thank goodness we’ve got rid of those barriers, and I hope that I can
say later on in my life that I was pioneer to have all of those barriers
removed, that I was a pioneer to have the amateur status removed so that made it
easier for all of our kids today, to try and be an achiever, but we still have
the people out there that are jealous of them and saying, ‘Yes, but they’re
earning all this money’. Good on them. Good on them. If the sponsors want to
pay them that amount of money, good on them.
Amanda Smith: Do you feel that within official Australian sports and swimming
circles that you are now well and truly in from the cold, or do you still feel
in some ways excluded?
Dawn Fraser: No, I’m really in there now, because every championships that take
place, I have an official invitation. I have a life membership with New South
Wales Swimming, just been given that last year; and I also have a life
membership from Australian Swimming which includes me in every swimming
championship that takes place, that’s run by Australian Swimming. The officials
that I had problems with, there are not many left, they’re down and out, they’ve
gone by the wayside. We have a new influx of officials that are doing something
for sport, not for what they can get out of it. We have now paid executives in
Australian Swimming, and look, we’re all going to die one day, we only have two
things that we share in this life that are very common to us all: we are born
and we die. And what we do in between those times, we’ve got to be happy. I can
go home of a night time and I can sleep, I’m happy, I don’t let the outside
world deter me, I’m very happy within myself and my family and my friends, and I
don’t linger on the fact that Dawn Fraser was a great swimmer 40 years ago. That
was in the past, and yes I have got a great record, I did break 41 world
records, and yes, I’ve done all that. But I don’t live on that today, I live on
today what I can do to survive.
Amanda Smith: Now Dawn, I’ve asked this question of a few swimmers, swimmers
like Kieren Perkins and Shane Gould, about really why they love to swim and
their attitude to water. What is yours and what was your attitude to water?
Dawn Fraser: Mine was a complete love affair. It’s just a beautiful thing to put
your body through a lot of pain, because you do that in the beginning of a
summer. My body went through a lot of pain and cold water. But all of a sudden
when you start getting fit, it’s a beautiful thing, diving into the cool crisp
water and then just sort of being able to pull your body through the water and
the water opening up for you. And to have that feel and touch on your fingertips
and your body, is just beautiful.
Amanda Smith: Dawn Fraser. And her autobiography, which has just been published,
is called ‘Dawn – One Hell of a Life’ – a very apt title either way you
interpret it.
And that’s The Sports Factor for this week, which is produced by Michael
Shirrefs. I’m Amanda Smith.
Guests on this program:
| |
Dawn Fraser
Former Australian champion swimmer, world record holder and author of 'Dawn
- One Hell Of A Life'.
|
|
Publications:
| |
Dawn - One Hell Of A Life
Author: Dawn Fraser
Price: $45.00(Aus)
Publisher: Hodder Headline Australia, Sydney, 2001
ISBN 0-7336-1342-X
http://www.hha.com.au |
|
Presenter:
Amanda Smith
Producer:
Michael Shirrefs
©
2003 ABC
This is an archive copy of a document originally located at
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/sportsf/stories/s444345.htm
All copyright remains with the creator.
